Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor
First generation
First generation
Production
199297
Engine(s)
4.6 L Modular V8
Transmission(s)
4-speed automatic
Wheelbase
114.4 in (2906 mm)
Length
199294: 212.4 in (5395 mm)
199597: 212.0 in (5385 mm)
Width
77.8 in (1976 mm)
Height
199294: 56.7 in (1440 mm)
199597: 56.8 in (1443 mm)
Fuel capacity
20 US gal (76 L; 17 imp gal)
Related
Mercury Grand Marquis
Lincoln Town Car
Though the name has been officially in use since 1992, the 19781991 full-size LTDs and LTD Crown Victorias and 1992 updated body style used the “P72″ production code designation for both fleet/taxi and police models, with the model itself being internally classified as S (similar to LX). From 19931997, the police car models of the Crown Victoria were officially known as Crown Victoria P71s.
It became apparent that some clientele, typically elderly, weren’t fond of the 1992′s solid grille insert (with the blue “Ford” oval) front end, as it bore too close a resemblance to the smaller mid-size Ford Taurus. In the 1993 model year, the Crown Victoria was given a chrome front grille and a reflector strip between the taillights. Another minor restyle followed suit in 1995, with a new grille and taillights. To accommodate the design of the 1995′s new taillights, the rear license plate was moved from the bumper to the trunk lid, fitted between the taillights.
1995-1997 CVPI of the Raleigh, N.C., Police Department
Second generation
Second generation
Production
1998resent
Engine(s)
4.6 L Modular V8
Transmission(s)
4-speed automatic
4R70W
Wheelbase
114.7 in (2913 mm)
Length
212.0 in (5385 mm)
Width
2007: 77.3 in (1963 mm)
19982006: 78.2 in (1986 mm)
Height
19982006, 2007resent: 56.8 in (1443 mm)
200204: 58.3 in (1481 mm)
Fuel capacity
19 US gal (72 L; 16 imp gal)
Related
Mercury Grand Marquis
Mercury Marauder
Lincoln Town Car
In 1998, Ford restyled the Crown Victoria, eliminating the “aero” look that the car had from 1992-97 and adopting the more conservative styling of the Mercury Grand Marquis. Both cars included restyled front and rear end components. The 1998 police package P71 had a chrome grille, chrome door handle trim, chrome bumper strips, and a chrome-trimmed flat black rear fascia with the “Crown Victoria” badge. At this time, the car was still known as the “Crown Victoria P71″.
1999 introduced the “Crown Victoria Police Interceptor” name, with a badge on the trunk lid replacing the 1998 “Crown Victoria” badge. A chrome-trimmed gloss black rear fascia, unpainted door handle trim, black bumper strips, and a gloss black slatted grille were also introduced at this time. Finally, the new “Street Appearance Package”, intended to make the Police Interceptor look like a Standard (P73) model, including chrome trimming and badging, was introduced.
Midway through 1999, the taillights were also changed. 1998 and early 1999 models had a separate amber turn signal along the bottom edge of each taillight housing. Starting in mid-1999, the extra bulbs were eliminated and the turn signals returned to the combination stop/turn setup with red lenses found in many North American cars. Interestingly, although the lenses changed, the housings didn’t; they still had the chambers for the separate turn signals that early models had. These chambers were now empty, however, leaving a perfect place to install strobe tubes in police cars that would not affect brake or turn signal visibility. Non-Police Interceptors and Police Interceptors equipped with the “Street Appearance Package” retained the amber turn signal.
For 2000, the rear fascia and taillights lost the chrome trim, and the gloss black grille was dropped in favor of a flat black slatted grille. Further refinements were made in 2001, including removal of all trim on the plastic bumper pieces and a new honeycomb-style grille, replacing the slat-style grille as is found on previous Crown Victorias and CVPIs.
2003 brought a minor redesign. The interior door panels and seats were freshened, with side-impact airbags becoming an option. The 20012004 CVPIs all look the same on the exterior; the way to tell the 2003+ cars from the 2001 and 2002 models is by looking at the wheels. The suspension, brakes, steering, and frame all were redesigned for the 2003 model year. Because of the new underpinnings, the wheels for the newer cars have a much higher offset. They look almost flat, compared to the concave wheels on the older model years.
Police interceptor/Mercury Marauder air intake assembly.
The 2004resent Police Interceptor is rated for 250 hp (190 kW) because of the addition of a new air intake system. This includes a new airbox that resembles the Mercury Marauder airbox (raised airbox lid, deeper bottom), with an integrated 80 mm (3.1 in) mass airflow (MAF) sensor that is part of the airbox lid. This allows for much more precise flow calibration and reduces the chances of air leakage. The P71 zip tube (the flexible rubber hose between the throttle body and MAF outlet) is also used to reduce NVH (noise, vibration, and harshness) as well as transfer air from the airbox to the throttle body with minimal flow resistance.
One can easily spot the 2005 model year from its rear-fender-mounted whip antenna on the passenger side. This is the only year that the 1998+ CVPI had an external AM/FM antenna. Previous years and the 2006-present model all have the antenna mounted in the rear glass.
Standard on the 2006 is a redesigned instrument cluster, which now sports a tachometer, digital odometer with hour meter and trip meter features, and cross-compatibility with the civilian version’s various features (these are normally locked out, but can be accessed through wiring modification). Kevlar-lined front doors, which might be useful as protective barriers during gunfights, are optional on the Crown Victoria Police Interceptors for the 2006 Model Year. Also introduced in 2006, for P70/P72 Commercial Heavy Duty models and P71 Police Interceptor models is a 17″ steel wheel, replacing the previous 16″ wheels.
For 2008, the Crown Victoria is restricted to fleet-only sales, and all Panther-platform cars are now flex-fuel cars. The CVPI receives some interesting new options, such as the ability to have keyless entry. Presumably, this feature was added because the Chevrolet Impala Police Sedan has had keyless entry as an option since its inception.
For the 2009 model year, the CVPI now has power pedals as standard equipment. Standard equipment across the entire Panther line is side impact airbags and new federally mandated recessed window switches. The CVPI also received upgraded brakes for 2009, although specifics about them are not available. The confirmation flash that occurs when the doors are locked is now automatically disabled when the Courtesy Lamp Disable option is ordered. The confirmation flash was considered to be a safety issue because the lights would flash when the officer exited the vehicle and locked the doors, potentially giving their presence away at night. No other appreciable changes have been noted yet.
Comparison with the Crown Victoria
There are few notable differences between the Police Interceptor and standard Crown Victoria or Grand Marquis. Both cars use the same Flex Fuel 4.6L 2V SOHC V8, Ford Modular engine, and Ford 4-speed automatic transmission.
Engine and drive train
The Police Interceptor is equipped with an external oil-to-coolant heat exchanger to reduce engine oil temperatures, allowing the vehicles to idle for extended lengths of time without overheating. The engine oil coolers are notorious for seeping oil from the O-ring seals after extensive use.
The Police Interceptor engine calibration comprises a slightly higher idle speed (by approximately 40 rpm) and minor changes in the emissions settings. The computer is tuned for more aggressive transmission shift points, and the transmission itself is built for firmer and harder shifts.
The 2006resent Police Interceptors equipped with a 3.55:1 rear axle ratio from the factory are electronically limited to 120 mph (193 km/h) due to the lower driveline-critical vehicle speed, while the Police Interceptors equipped with a 3.27:1 rear axle ratio have generally been limited to approximately 135 mph (217 km/h). This compares to 110 mph (177 km/h) for the “civilian” model.
Ford used an aluminum metal matrix composite driveshaft for the 19932005 Police Interceptors as a measure to allow safe operation at over 150 mph (241 km/h), but it was more expensive than the regular aluminum driveshafts. Ford reintroduced the 3.55:1 rear axle ratio in the 2006 model year Police Interceptors, and set the speed limiter at 120 mph (193 km/h) to reduce the risk of driveline failure.
Police Interceptors also have a reinforced frame and body mounts, an aluminum drive shaft (aluminum metal matrix composite for the 1999arly 2001 model years), and an optional limited slip rear differential.
Body and chassis
Another difference is Ford’s “severe duty” shock absorbers that offer a stiffer ride than the standard Crown Victoria. They also have black steel wheels with stainless steel or chromed plastic hubcaps.
All Police Interceptors also come with T-409 stainless steel dual exhaust systems without resonators. Standard Crown Victorias come with a stainless steel single exhaust system, while the Handling and Performance Package and LX Sport-equipped Crown Victorias have the same exhaust system as the Police Interceptor, with the resonators. The resonators further reduce noise, vibration, and harshness without adding any restriction to the exhaust system. Police Interceptors have higher-rate coil springs, approximately 0.8 inches (20.3 mm) of additional ground clearance, and thinner rear antiroll bars (shared with the LX Sport) than the Handling and Performance Package Crown Victorias; the base Crown Victoria does not have a rear antiroll bar.
On 2004 and newer models, P71′s have a 200 amp (A) alternator and a 78 ampere-hour (Ah) battery.
Ford also offers trunk packages for equipment storage (see below), and as of 2005, has added a fire suppression system to the Police Interceptor.
The bulk of police car modifications, such as installation of emergency lights, sirens, passenger seat dividers, and plastic rear bench seats, are offered as aftermarket modifications by third parties.
Interior
The front seats have a steel “stab plate” built into the back so that a suspect being transported in the back seat cannot stab the officers in the front seat with a knife or other sharp object. Also, most Police Interceptors have a break in the front “bench seat” despite having the shifter on the steering column. This gap between seats is generally filled by a console holding radios, controls for emergency equipment, large firearms, and often a laptop computer used as a mobile data terminal (MDT). The Police Interceptor also has a calibrated 140 mph (225 km/h) speedometer.
Identification
The easiest way to distinguish most P71s is the small “Police Interceptor” badge that replaces the standard “Crown Victoria” markings on the trunk lid, although the Street Appearance Package Police Interceptors forgo the badge, using the standard Crown Victoria marking. However, the Police Interceptor badges are now available for purchase online, so this identifying technique is not as reliable as it once was. A near surefire way to tell if a Crown Victoria is a Police Interceptor is to see if it has the keyless keypad entry above the driver door handle. If the said Crown Victoria does have a keyless keypad then it is not a Police Interceptor, since the only Crown Victorias with keyless keypads are civilian ones. Additionally, the Police Interceptor has the interior trunk release in the center of the dashboard, while the civilian version has it in the driver’s door. The only completely infallible way to identify a Police Interceptor is to look for the code “P71″ in the VIN.
Police Interceptors will have the characters “P71″ as the model code in the VIN, instead of P70 (Stretched wheelbase), P72 (Commercial Heavy Duty/Taxi), P73 (Base), P74 (LX), or P75 (1992 Touring Sedan).
Problems and criticism
Crashed 2004 Cincinnati Police units
Following the criticism of fires following rear-end collisions, 2005 and later model Police Interceptors now come with an optional automatic fire suppression system and special “trunk packs” designed to help prevent trunk contents from piercing the fuel tank in a collision. Each agency must pay an additional $150 for the trunk packs. For a more detailed discussion of the fuel tank leakage concerns that prompted these changes, see Ford Crown Victoria.
There were also some problems with early 2003 Police Interceptors. The newly designed steel wheels would rust prematurely, and the rack and pinion steering units would fail early (10K miles). This was not limited to the Police Interceptor; some 2004 Mercury Marauders were also affected. A recent recall (04M05) affects the steel wheels used on 200305 Police Interceptors.
Another issue with the wheels have been weld points that come loose, causing rapid air loss in tires and the potential for loss of control. A recall was issued after an investigation by the National Highway Transportation Safety Administration. However, the company has created anger among civilian owners of 2003+ Police Interceptors by refusing to honor the recall unless the vehicle is still being used in fleet service. The only way this problem can be addressed is if the civilian customer complains to a dealership about air leakage problems, an inability to balance the wheels properly, or a “nibble” or excessive vibration in the steering at speed. The issue is then addressed through the “Customer Satisfaction Program” that Ford has initiated for the same wheels. Ford ultimately resolved this issue on production cars in 2006 by introducing new 17″ steel wheels for their heavy duty models. These wheels may be of interest to those who have 2003-2005 Police Interceptors, 2003-2005 P70/P72 Commercial Heavy Duty models or 2003-2008 Standard (P73) models with 16″ steel wheels and are concerned about the safety of these wheels.
Future
Ford has decided that 2011 will be the final year for the Crown Victoria, and is actively promoting a replacement based on the 2010 Ford Taurus. The Dodge Charger “Police Package” vehicle has been touted as a viable contender, with more power than the CVPI if equipped with the Hemi, but in its first two years of service, it has been found to be lacking the mechanical reliability and sturdiness of the CVPI. GM has also recently decided to revive the Chevrolet Caprice as a police only model in 2011.
The Carbon Motor Company , run by ex-Ford employees, has released details of the E7 prototype car in late 2008 for planned production in 2012. Designed from the ground up for police duties after extensive research with U.S. police departments rather than as a conversion of mainstream cars, it has received considerable publicity.
On November 13, 2009 Ford Motor Company announced that it would release an all-new version of the Police Interceptor which will be available when the CVPI ends production in late 2011.
Gallery
Crown Victoria Police Interceptor with activated emergency lights
Police Interceptor of the New York City Police Department.
2009 Police Interceptor of the Oklahoma Highway Patrol
2005 Police Interceptor of the Massachusetts State Police.
Police Interceptor of the New York Metropolitan Transportation Authority Police.
Jordanian Police Interceptor in Karak, Jordan.
Police Interceptor of the Fairfax County, Virginia police department.
Police Interceptor of the Palm Beach, Florida police department.
Police Interceptor of the Indianapolis Metropolitan Police Department.
Police Interceptor of the Los Angeles Police Department.
Police Interceptor of the Chicago Police Department.
Police Interceptor of the San Francisco Police Department.
See also
Ford Crown Victoria
Mercury Grand Marquis/Marauder
Lincoln Town Car
Ford Panther platform
Dodge Charger (LX)
Chevrolet Caprice
References
^ Ford CVPI extended through 2011
^
^ FORD CROWN VICTORIA LX (1999)
^ http://www.detnews.com/article/20090828/AUTO01/908280392/1148/Ford+to+cops++Crown+Vic+is+out
^ http://jalopnik.com/5230928/lapd-to-buy-chevy+badged-holden-commodore-police-cars
^ Carbon E7 Showcased at San Diego Police Convention
^ Carbon Motors Shows Off New Police Car
^ Ford Announces new Interceptor
External links
Ford Crown Victoria (U.S.A.): Police Interceptor | Commercial Version (includes long-wheelbase version)
Crown North America – Ford’s Tier One Supplier of Factory Installed Police Prep Pkgs & Ballistic Door Panels: Crown North America
Carbon Motors E7
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